Chernobyl
| Town | |
| Chernobyl | |
|---|---|
| Ukrainian Chornobil | |
 | |
| Country |
 Ukraine |
| Status | a city of regional significance, almost completely abandoned from 04/28/1986 |
| Region | Kiev |
| District | Ivankovsky |
| History and Geography | |
| Founded | |
| First mention | 1193 |
| Area |
|
| Center height | |
| Timezone | UTC + 2: 00 , in the summer UTC + 3: 00 |
| Population | |
| Population | 690 people ( 2017 ) |
| Density | 6 people / km² |
| Nationalities | Ukrainians , Belarusians , Russians , Poles , Jews (according to censuses before the accident) |
| Denominations | Orthodox , Jews , Catholics |
| Katoykonim | Chernobyl, Chernobyl, Chernobyl |
| Digital identifiers | |
| Postcode | 07270 |
| Car code | AI, KI / 10 |
| KOATUU | 3222010500 |
Chernobyl ( Ukrainian: Chornobil - a derivative of the plant “Chernobyl”, or “ common wormwood ”) - the city of Ivankovsky district of the Kiev region of Ukraine . Located on the Pripyat River , not far from its confluence with the Kiev Reservoir .
Known due to the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant . Before the accident, about 13 thousand people lived in the city. According to the data of the 2001 All-Ukrainian Census, Chernobyl, on a par with the Pripyat, is classified as “without population” [1] . Currently, about one and a half thousand people live in the city: employees of institutions and enterprises of the Exclusion Zone and the unconditional guaranteed resettlement of the Chernobyl nuclear power station , working on a rotational basis, and self- residents [2] (84 people according to the data of the TSOTIZ GP as of February 2017). The distance to Kiev in a straight line is 83 km, along roads - 115 km. Located 12 km southeast of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant . Until 1986 - the administrative centerChernobyl region
History
The first mention of Chernobyl refers to the events of 1193. Listed in the chronicle " List of Russian cities near and far " (end of the XIV century).
In 1541, when these lands were controlled by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania , a was built next to Chernobyl by Prince Friedrich Pronsky , separated from the settlement by a deep moat that has survived to this day. At the beginning of the XVII century, the castle was reconstructed and turned into a well-fortified and inaccessible fortress, and the city of Chernobyl became a district center [3] .
In 1793 it became part of the Russian Empire . In 1898, the population of Chernobyl was 10,800, of which 7,200 were Jews.
Jews were resettled in Chernobyl by Philo Kmita as part of Polish colonization. After joining the Kingdom of Poland in 1596, the traditional Orthodox peasantry was forced to convert to Catholicism . Orthodoxy was restored only after the conquest of the Russian kingdom .
In the second half of the 18th century, Chernobyl became one of the main centers of Hasidism . The Chernobyl Hasidic dynasty was formed by Rabbi Menachem Nakhum of Tver .
Until the end of the XIX century. Chernobyl was a privately owned city that belonged to the counts of Khodkevich . In 1896, they sold the city to the state, but until 1910 they owned a castle and a house in the city.
The Jewish population was severely affected by the pogroms in October 1905 and March-April 1919, when many Jews were robbed and killed by the Black Hundreds and Petliurists. In 1920, the Tver dynasty left the city and Chernobyl ceased to be an important center of Hasidism.
During World War I was occupied. During the Civil War, the city and county were controlled by the "green" chieftain Struck , whom the Reds repeatedly tried to expel, but he invariably returned with the detachment. During the Soviet-Polish war, Chernobyl was first occupied by the Polish army (in fact, the same Struk, which this time offered its services to Pilsudski ), and then was recaptured by the cavalry of the Red Army . In 1921 it was included in the Ukrainian SSR . The last Jewish pogrom in the vicinity of the city of Struck was arranged in 1922.
The Polish Chernobyl community was deported to Kazakhstan in 1936 . The rest of the city after 1919 not numerous Jewish community was completely destroyed during the German occupation in 1941 - 1944 years. Liberation Day - November 17, 1943 .
The future Hero of the Soviet Union was born in the city , the head of the HPV-2 guard for the protection of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, internal service lieutenant Vladimir Pavlovich Pravik who gave his life in the fight against the Chernobyl disaster in 1986 . In the 1970s, 10 km from Chernobyl, the first nuclear power plant in Ukraine, Chernobyl, was built .
In 1985, the over-the-horizon Duga radar, the Chernobyl-2 object , was put into operation .
On April 26, 1986, an accident occurred at the fourth power unit of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant , which became the largest disaster in the history of nuclear energy. After that, all the inhabitants of the city were evacuated, but some subsequently returned to their homes and now live in the infected area [4] .
Chernobyl after the disaster
In 2006, the Blacksmith Institute , an American non-profit research organization , published a list of the most polluted cities in the world , in which Chernobyl was in the top ten [5] .
In the center of Chernobyl in 2010-2011 a memorial complex was built to mark the 25th anniversary of the Chernobyl accident. The author of the project is the People's Artist of Ukraine, Honored Art Worker Anatoly Gaydamak . The presidents of Russia and Ukraine came to the opening of the complex in April 2011.
In November 2014, a monument to the Chernobyl partisan Pasha Osidach, who was killed by the Nazis in 1943, was moved to the complex and solemnly opened. The monument was planned to be installed back in 1986, but the accident prevented it. In the post-accident years, the sculpture was stored on the territory of the complex of construction and repair works (courtyard of secondary school No. 2).
The complex also includes a museum opened in the former cinema "Ukraine" (until 2011, this building housed a grocery store and a cafe-bar). The museum contains the things of residents of evacuated villages, street signs and house numbers, children's toys, household items, etc.
In the spring of 2011, next to the museum, the first stone of the future monument was laid to the liquidators of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident [6] .
Gallery
Sign at the entrance
The road to Chernobyl
Hotel "Pripyat"
Building of the GSP “Chernobyl Special Combine”
Crosswalk in the city center
Sign
Abandoned House in Chernobyl
The streets of the city
Also
Motorcade
Houses on Kirova street
Banner “Chernobyl 820 years”
Downtown
Memorial complex to the resettled villages of the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone
Administrative center and dining room
The bas-relief on the hotel building
Departure from the city
30 km zone
The city of Chernobyl is the administrative center for the management of radiation-hazardous territories alienated in 1986. The emergency decision on the alienation of land was caused by significant radioactive contamination of the territories adjacent to the nuclear power plant.
The city is based on the main enterprises engaged in the maintenance of the zone in an environmentally friendly condition. Including enterprises that monitor the radiation status of the 30-km exclusion zone - the content of radionuclides in the water of the Pripyat River and its tributaries, as well as in the air, is controlled .
The city is based on the personnel of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine , which protects the territory of the 30-kilometer zone and controls the illegal entry of unauthorized persons into its territory.
Notes
- ↑ The size and composition of the population of the Kiev region based on the results of the 2001 All-Ukrainian Population Census
- ↑ Dwellings - the civilian population in the exclusion zone | Chernobyl, Pripyat, Chernobyl exclusion zone
- ↑ Chernobyl - the most famous disappeared city of the former USSR // Cities and regions of Ukraine
- ↑ Materials of the State Department of the Administration of the exclusion zone and the zone of unconditional (mandatory) resettlement. Samoselys
- ↑ List of the most polluted cities in the world
- ↑ Memorial complex “Star of Wormwood” . // Excursions from the Chernobyl Zone. Date of treatment June 2, 2017.
Literature
- / і. ed. V. A. Smoliy . - K.: Libid, 1997.
- Encyclopedia of Ukrainian studies : Slovnikova chastin: [11 p.] / Naukova Partnership imeni Shevchenko ; Goal. ed. prof., Dr. Volodymyr Kubіyovich . - Paris; New York: Young Life ; Lviv; Kiev: Globe, 1955-2003.
Links
- Pripyat panoramas on the Yandex.Panorama service
- Reznichenko A. Ya. Ten myths surrounding the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant // RIA Novosti . - April 24, 2009.
- Reznichenko A. Ya. Chernobyl: lies and truth after 30 years // RIA Novosti . - 04/22/2016.
- Chernobyl - an article from the Electronic Jewish Encyclopedia
[ show ] Settlements of Ivankovsky district |
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| [ show ] Kiev region |
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| [ show ] Settlements in Pripyat (from source to mouth ) |
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| [ show ] The Chernobyl accident |
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